The Black Panther Party (BPP), originally known as the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPP-SD), was a revolutionary socialist Marxist-Leninist vanguard party in the United States (US) that was founded upon the principles of Black Power, a movement largely built by Malcolm X. The organization was founded in October 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, California, existing until its effective destruction in the 1980s due to the work of the US government's COINTELPRO operations of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).[1]