Editing Soviet Union (section)

==== Ryutin Affair ====
The opponents of Stalin rallied against collectivization, blaming Stalin for the famine. Some communists, like Grigori Tokaev who would become a British spy, became convinced Stalin had to go. <ref>Grigori Tokaev, ''Comrade X''.</ref> Left oppositionists like Zinoviev wanted to collectivize earlier, but now they allied with Bukharin, who didn't want to collectivize at all. Both could blame Stalin for collectivizing at the "wrong time". 

Bukharin's people had been secretly supporting forced collectivization in order to discredit collectivization. They also secretly supported kulak uprisings. <ref name=":1" />

One of them, Martemyan Ryutin, wrote a pamphlet and a 200-page manifesto demanding to remove Stalin by force, reinstate Trotsky, and slow down industrialization and collectivization. Many of the opposition read it and did not report it to the authorities.

When this came to light, Stalin demanded that Ryutin be executed, but he was only sent to jail. Zinoviev and Kamenev were expelled from the Party again.