Editing Reform and Opening Up (section)

==== Poverty Reduction ====
From the beginning of Reform and Opening Up to 2022, poverty has been reduced significantly. The number of people living below the poverty line (1.90 USD a day) has fallen by around 800 million people. China has contributed to around 75% of the worlds total poverty reduction.<ref>[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/04/01/lifting-800-million-people-out-of-poverty-new-report-looks-at-lessons-from-china-s-experience#:~:text=BEIJING%2C%20April%201%2C%202022%E2%80%94,by%20close%20to%20800%20million. Lifting 800 Million People Out of Poverty – New Report Looks at Lessons from China’s Experience]</ref> The rural poverty rate declined from 97.5% to 1.7%.<ref>[http://www.cnfocus.com/china-to-become-first-to-realize-un-goal-of-no-poverty/ China to become first to realize UN goal of 'No poverty']</ref> By 2020, absolute poverty was eliminated in China, being the first country to reach the UN goal of "No absolute poverty".<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-says-it-has-met-its-deadline-of-eliminating-poverty-11606164540 Areddy, James T. (November 23, 2020). "China Says It Has Met Its Deadline of Eliminating Poverty"]</ref> From 1981 to 2015, China's poverty rate declined from 88% to 0.7%.<ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY?locations=CN "Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population)] | Data". ''data.worldbank.org''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.</ref> When discussing relative poverty of 2.15 USD or below a day, from 1981 to 2019, 91.62% declined to 0.14%. And less than 3.65 USD a day, fell from 2.15 to 0.14%.<ref>[https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-living-with-less-than-190-and-320-per-day Share of population living with less than $2.15 and $3.65 per day, China, 1981 to 2019]</ref> And in regards to discussing relative poverty of 6.85 USD or below a day, from 1981 to 2019, fell from 99.98% to 24.72%.<ref>[https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-living-with-less-than-550-int--per-day?time=latest&country=NAM~SYR~AUS~IND~BGD~BOL Poverty: Share of population living on less than $6.85 a day, 2021]</ref>

China's Engels coefficient (% of income spent on food) was 57.5% for urban residents, 67.7% for rural residents in 1978. Which declinded to 29.3% in 2016 for urban residents and 32.2% for rural residents.<ref>China Statistical Yearbook, 2014, p. 56. China Statistical Abstract 2017, p.60</ref> Total Engel's Coefficient fell to 29.8% in 2021.<ref>[http://english.scio.gov.cn/pressroom/2022-10/12/content_78461349.htm China's income growth keeps pace with decade's economic expansion]  - PRC SCIO</ref> China's domestic population share suffering under Global Multidimensional poverty fell from 9.47% in 2010 to 4.21% in 2014 and fell to 3.9% in 2023. Lack of clean drinking water, malnutrition and use of solid cooking fuel are the largest contributors.<ref>'''[https://ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/CB_CHN_2023.pdf Global MPI Country Briefing 2023: China (East Asia and the Pacific)]'''  By Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative</ref>

While global absolute poverty (measured as less than $1.25/day) declined from 40.5 to 25.2 per cent between 1981 and 2008 (a 15.3% reduction), China begin the period with a much higher rate (84.0 per cent) and succeeded in reducing it to 13.1 per cent (a 70.9% reduction). Moreover, China even substantially reduced relative poverty (defined as living below 50% of mean income) from 85.2 to 41.0 per cent while the developing world's poverty rrate scarcely changed (Less than 10 percent change over the same time period of which being 1981 to 2008). By 1996, China's relative poverty was already below the relative poverty rate of the developing world.<ref>'''[https://www.ilo.org/static/english/intserv/working-papers/wp023/index.html China's move to measuring relative poverty: implications for social protection] - ILO'''</ref>