Editing Trofim Lysenko (section)

==Kruschevite Slander==
Though Lysenko remained at his post in the Institute of Genetics until 1965, his influence on [[Agriculture in the Soviet Union|Soviet agricultural practice]] had declined after the [[Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin|death of Stalin]] in 1953.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9049549|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721210013/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9049549|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 July 2012|title=Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]|date=16 August 2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> Lysenko retained his position, with the support of the new leader [[Nikita Khrushchev]]. However, mainstream scientists re-emerged and found new willingness within Soviet government leadership to tolerate criticism of Lysenko, the first opportunity since the late 1920s. In 1962, three of the most prominent Soviet physicists, [[Yakov Zeldovich]], [[Vitaly Ginzburg]], and [[Pyotr Kapitsa]], presented a case against Lysenko, proclaiming his work as pseudoscience. They also denounced Lysenko's application of political power to silence opposition and eliminate his opponents within the scientific community. These denunciations occurred during a period of structural upheaval in Soviet government, during which the major institutions were purged of the strictly ideological and political machinations which had controlled the work of the Soviet Union's scientific community for several decades under Stalin.

In 1964, physicist [[Andrei Sakharov]] spoke out against Lysenko in the General Assembly of the [[Russian Academy of Sciences|Academy of Sciences of the USSR]]:

{{blockquote|He is responsible for the shameful backwardness of Soviet biology and of genetics in particular, for the dissemination of pseudo-scientific views, for adventurism, for the degradation of learning, and for the defamation, firing, arrest, even death, of many genuine scientists.<ref>Norman L., Qing Ni Li, Yuan Jian Li (2003) [http://www.learntoquestion.com/seevak/groups/2003/sites/sakharov/AS/biography/dissent.html Biography of Andrei Sakharov, dissent period]. The Seevak Website Competition</ref>}}

The Soviet press was soon filled with slanderous anti-Lysenko articles and appeals for the restoration of scientific methods to all fields of biology and agricultural science. In 1965,<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/5/229.short|
 title=The descent of Lysenko |last=Cohen |first=B. M. |journal=The Journal of Heredity | volume=56 | issue=5 | pages=229–233 | year=1965 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107425}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/content/68/1/57.2.full.pdf+html |title=The demise of Lysenko |author=Cohen, B.M. |journal=The Journal of Heredity
 |volume=68 |issue=1 |page=57 |year=1977 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415000655/http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/content/68/1/57.2.full.pdf+html |archive-date=15 April 2011 |url-status=dead |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108776 }}</ref> Lysenko was removed from his post as director of the Institute of Genetics at the Academy of Sciences and restricted to an experimental farm in [[Moscow]]'s [[Lenin Hills]] (the Institute itself was soon dissolved). After [[Nikita Khrushchev#Removal|Khrushchev's dismissal in 1964]], the president of the Academy of Sciences declared that Lysenko's immunity to criticism had officially ended. An expert commission was sent to investigate records kept at Lysenko's experimental farm. His secretive methods and ideas were revealed. A few months later, a devastating critique of Lysenko was made public.{{sfn|Joravsky|1986|p=184}} Consequently, Lysenko was immediately disgraced in the Soviet Union.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trofim Denisovich Lysenko Facts |url=http://biography.yourdictionary.com/trofim-denisovich-lysenko |work=yourdictionary.com |publisher=LoveToKnow Corp. |access-date=20 April 2014}}</ref>

After Lysenko's monopoly on [[biology]] and [[agronomy]] had ended, it took many years for these sciences to recover in Russia. Lysenko died in Moscow in 1976, and was ultimately interred in the [[Kuntsevo Cemetery]],<ref>{{cite book| url = https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-39176-2_1| title = ''The Lysenko Controversy as a Global Phenomenon''| chapter = "Lysenkoism" Redux: Introduction| series = Palgrave Studies in the History of Science and Technology| year = 2017| pages = 1–34| publisher = Springer| doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-39176-2_1| isbn = 9783319391762| last1 = Krementsov| first1 = Nikolai| last2 = Dejong-Lambert| first2 = William}}</ref> although the Soviet government refused to announce Lysenko's death for two days after the event<ref>"Russian Biologist Dead at 78"; in "Obituaries"; ''Beaver County Times'', 24 November 1976; p. A4</ref> and gave his passing only a small note in ''[[Izvestia]]''.<ref>‘Soviet Biologist Lysenko Dies in Obscurity’; ''[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]''; 24 November 1976, p. 8</ref>